Study of Quantum Dots (CdS, ZnS) toxicity in Danio rerio, Daphnia magna and HepG2 cell line

The increasing use of nanoparticles in recent decades led to a growing concern about the possible consequences for the environment. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of the Quantum Dots (QDs) (ZnS and CdS), using Danio rerio, Daphnia magna and HepG2 cell line. Both organisms were exposed to different concentrations of QDs (10, 100 and 1000 µg/L), singly and combined, to assess toxicity. Several biochemical analyses were performed: antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, Glutathione-Stransferase and Superoxide Dismutase), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ubiquitin, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and lipid peroxidation (MDA content). An HepG2 cell line was also exposed to the same QDs concentrations, and cell viability was assessed. QDs were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results from exposure assays showed that the concentrations of QDs tested did not cause mortality in fish but resulted in high mortality rates in Daphnia magna exposed to higher QDs concentrations (100 and 1000 µg/L). Regarding HepG2 assay, QDs were not able to cause significant cytotoxicity. Overall, the results from fish and Daphnids assays showed sub-lethal effects following exposure to the different concentrations of QDs. D. rerio exposure assays showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes, HSP70 and Ubiquitin in fish exposed to 100 µg/L QDs (ZnS). D. magna exposure assays revealed decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and increased levels of Ubiquitin according to QDs concentrations tested. Was investigated the trophic transfer of QDs from D. magna (previously exposed to QDs) to D. rerio. The results from Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis indicate that the QDs (and/or their ions released into the aqueous medium) were ingested by Daphnia and then transferred to fish via ingestion as well

Cambios inmunohistológicos en intestino delgado de ratón expuesto a dieta rica en grasa

Tanto la obesidad como el síndrome metabólico, son dos enfermedades asociadas entre sí, no sólo por el aumento de peso y el tejido adiposo, sino también porque se origina una inflamación leve y crónica en el organismo. Esta inflamación puede afectar al intestino delgado, órgano importante del organismo que posee un complejo sistema inmunitario que puede responder a esa inflamación. Se pretende observar si se producen cambios histológicos o inmunoquímicos en el yeyuno de ratones expuestos a una dieta rica en grasa. Se trata de un estudio experimental donde se ha realizado la histología de yeyuno murino con tinción de hematoxilina eosina; y una inmunofluorescencia de los receptores para TNF-α e IL-1. El estudio muestra cambios en la morfología y composición celular de las vellosidades del epitelio de la mucosa intestinal, así como una diferencia entre los marcadores de inflamación situados en el yeyuno (TNF-α, IL-1). Se concluye que la dieta rica en grasas produce una alteración tanto a nivel del tejido de la mucosa, como a nivel de los mediadores de la inflamación situados en el intestino delgado.Grado en Nutrición Humana y Dietétic

A União Europeia e o enfrentamento ao tráfico sexual de mulheres : a eficácia das medidas preventivas e de combate implementadas pelos países membros, especificamente pela Alemanha e Polônia

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (especialização)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, XXI Curso de Especialização em Relações Internacionais, 2020.O presente artigo procura analisar as medidas de combate e prevenção ao tráfico internacional de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual implementadas na Alemanha e Polônia após a criação do Protocolo de Palermo. Na primeira parte, é introduzido o conceito de tráfico humano trazido pelo Protocolo e possíveis situações que levam as vítimas ao tráfico. Na segunda parte fala-se das medidas de combate e prevenção implementadas pela Alemanha e Polônia, com demonstração de números dos últimos anos e gráficos exemplificando o progresso das medidas. Na terceira e última parte, conclui-se o trabalho, observando os itens propostos no corpo do Protocolo de Palermo e as mudanças que foram feitas pelos países estudados de acordo com o que está disposto no documento internacional.The article seeks to analyze measures to prevent and fight against international trafficking in women to sexual exploitation that were implemented in Germany and Poland after the creation of the Palermo Protocol. At the first part, it’s introduced the concept of traffiking in human beings brought by the Protocol and possible situations that end up with women becoming a sex slave. At the second part, we talk about the measures to fight and prevent the traffick implemented by Germany and Poland, demonstrating the past years numbers and graphics exemplifying the progress of the measures. And at the third part of the article, comes the conclusion, observing the itens on the body of the Palermo Protocol and the changes that the studied Countries have been made based on what is arrenged in the document

Protective cultures against foodborne pathogens in a nitrite reduced fermented meat product

In the present work, a combined hurdle approach for fermented meat preservation was investigated. Challenge tests were performed in Chorizo sausage model using the maximum allowed NaNO2 amount (150 mg/kg), a reduced amount (75 mg/kg) and no nitrite, with and without protective cultures inoculation. Cocktail strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were used as indicator strains. In a nitrite reduced sausage model, L. monocytogenes growing trend did not significantly change (p > 0.05) when compared with that containing higher nitrite concentration (150 mg/kg NaNO2). The addition of L. plantarum PSC20 significantly lowered L. monocytogenes growth when compared with control batches without PCS20 (p < 0.05), obtaining 3.84 log cfu/g and 2.62 log cfu/g lower counts in the batches with 150 mg/kg NaNO2 and 75 mg/kg NaNO2 respectively. None of the protective cultures demonstrated in situ antagonistic activity against Salmonella spp. This work pointed out that the reduction of nitrites with the combined use of a protective culture could be a feasible approach to control L. monocytogenes growth in fermented meat foods

Atribución de responsabilidad en condenados por violencia de género

La presente investigación analiza las estrategias de justificación y negación de la responsabilidad de agresores condenados por violencia de género. Tras revisar las investigaciones precedentes afines al objeto de estudio, se procedió al análisis de los expedientes penitenciarios de 129 condenados por uno o varios asuntos de violencia de género, con quienes se llevó a cabo una entrevista semiestructurada; respondieron además a la Escala de Atribución de Responsabilidad y Minimización (Lila, Herrero y Gracia, 2008). Los resultados muestran que un porcentaje elevado de agresores asumen la responsabilidad por los episodios violentos. Así mismo, se ha constatado que los condenados que han participado o participan en un programa de tratamiento específico de violencia de género, tienen una menor tendencia a minimizar el daño, y por lo tanto asumen en mayor medida su responsabilidad en los hechos cometidos. No obstante, los datos indican que un importante número de agresores culpan a la víctima de la agresión.This article analyzes the strategies of justification and denial about the responsibility of aggressors convicts of gender violence. After consulting previous studies and the analysis of Penitentiary Records of 129 aggressors who have been convicted for one or more legal issues of gender violence, it has been carried out a semi-structured interview, and also it has been applied the Attribution of Responsibility and Minimization Scale (Lila, Herrero & Gracia, 2008). The outcomes show that a high percentage of aggressors tend to take responsibility for their acts of violence. In the same way it has been found that convicts who have participated in a specific program of treatment of gender violence minimize damage to a lesser extent, therefore they assume the responsibility for the violence. However, the study concludes that there are many aggressors who blame the victim of the episodes of violence.Universidad de Extremadura DER2010-1600

Análisis y descripción de una base de datos de Terapia Ocupacional: NARIC

Analysis and description of a database in occupational therapy: NARIC. NARIC –National Rehabilitation Information Center- groups in its web great amount of information on disability and occupational therapy. It is organized in three sections of which we will be centered in Researchers, divided as well in three: REHABDATA, NIDRR and Naric Knowledgebase. REHABDATA is a database that gathers summaries and bibliographical information related to the investigation in occupational therapy from 1956 to the present time. It allows six search forms: advanced, in the fields of the records, by the terms of the thesaurus, titles of magazine and publisher. The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) finances works of investigation related to disability. Through this section the references from all these works are retrieved by different interfaces. Knowledgebase is a database that contains four types of resources: organizations and services, serials, databases and directories, and internet resources. The information is divided in five sections: advanced and simple search, and three directories

Análisis y descripción de una base de datos de Terapia Ocupacional: NARIC

Analysis and description of a database in occupational therapy: NARIC. NARIC –National Rehabilitation Information Center- groups in its web great amount of information on disability and occupational therapy. It is organized in three sections of which we will be centered in Researchers, divided as well in three: REHABDATA, NIDRR and Naric Knowledgebase. REHABDATA is a database that gathers summaries and bibliographical information related to the investigation in occupational therapy from 1956 to the present time. It allows six search forms: advanced, in the fields of the records, by the terms of the thesaurus, titles of magazine and publisher. The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) finances works of investigation related to disability. Through this section the references from all these works are retrieved by different interfaces. Knowledgebase is a database that contains four types of resources: organizations and services, serials, databases and directories, and internet resources. The information is divided in five sections: advanced and simple search, and three directories

Metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje en enfermería: ¿Es el portafolio una metodología acorde con el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior?

La reorganización de los idearios educativos que están ocurriendo en las universidades españolas, con el objetivo de la transformación que subyace del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) donde es necesario centrar la atención en el estudiante, requieren procesos de innovación en las metodologías del profesorado universitario que fomenten el protagonismo del estudiante. Una de las posibles estrategias que se están utilizando para la misma, es el portafolio del estudiante. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la implementación de estas nuevas metodologías activas en el contexto de la formación enfermera y concretamente en el uso del portafolio en la docencia enfermera

Dengue virus infections among European travellers, 2015 to 2019

Background: Dengue is a disease with major impacts on public health in tropical and subtropical countries. In Europe, in the past decade, few autochthonous outbreaks were described. Aim: We aimed to identify factors associated with frequency of dengue virus infection among European travellers and at assessing how surveillance data could support preparedness against autochthonous outbreaks within Europe. Methods: We performed a descriptive analysis of travel-related dengue cases reported by European countries from 2015 through 2019. Using flight passenger data, we calculated travellers’ infection rates (TIR). We investigated the following associations: (i) between TIR and incidence rate in selected countries of infection and (ii) between number of travel-related cases and occurrence of autochthonous outbreaks within Europe. Results: There were 11,478 travel-related dengue cases and the TIR was 2.8 cases per 100,000 travellers. Most cases were infected in Asia (71%), predominantly in south-eastern Asia. The TIR was highest among travellers returning from Asia (6.1/100,000). There was an association between the incidence rate in the country of infection and the TIR but no association between the number of travel-related cases and occurrence of autochthonous outbreaks in Europe. Conclusions: The likelihood of infection in travellers is a function of the ongoing epidemiological situation in the country of exposure. The number of travel-related cases alone is not sufficient to estimate the likelihood of autochthonous outbreaks where vectors are present in Europe. Additional contributing factors such as adequate vectorial capacity and suitable environmental conditions are required.Peer Reviewe

Padrões alimentares, insatisfação corporal e risco para ortorexia nervosa em estudantes da área da saúde

Introduction: The recognition and characterization of eating behaviors through the identification of eating patterns are considered a highly relevant resource. Thus, it is believed that there is an association between body image dissatisfaction, linked to an exaggerated concern with food choices, and the risk of nervous orthorexia. Objectives: To analyze eating patterns with body dissatisfaction and the risk for orthorexia nervosa in healthcare students at a private higher education institution in Fortaleza-CE. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. The sample consisted of university students in the health field of both genders. Data were collected through interviews using semi-structured questionnaires (sociodemographic and food consumption data) and structured questionnaires (Ortho-15 in the translated and adapted version and the silhouette scale). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height) were also taken. The data obtained were entered into Excel and later exported to SPSS version 20.0. The identification of dietary patterns in the studied group was performed by principal component factor analysis (PCA). Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy, diet and mixed. The variables sex, age, course, BMI and overweight were statistically associated with the patterns found. When performing the association between body image and nervous orthorexia, it was found that 60% of students at risk had body dissatisfaction and that 42.5% of students at risk had body overestimation. Conclusion: No associations were found between patterns, body image and nervous orthorexia.Introdução: O reconhecimento e a caracterização de comportamentos alimentares através da identificação de padrões alimentares são considerados um recurso de grande relevância. Desse modo, acredita-se que exista uma associação entre a insatisfação da imagem corporal, ligada a uma preocupação exagerada das escolhas alimentares e o risco de ortorexia nervosa. Objetivos: Analisar padrões alimentares com a insatisfação corporal e o risco para ortorexia nervosa em estudantes da área de saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior particular de Fortaleza-CE. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo descritivo e analítico. A amostra foi composta por universitários da área da saúde de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista através de questionários semiestruturados (dados sociodemográficos e de consumo alimentar) e questionários estruturados (Orto-15 na versão traduzida e adaptada e a escala de silhuetas). Também foram aferidas medidas antropométricas (peso, altura). Os dados obtidos foram digitados no programa Excel e posteriormente exportados para o SPSS versão 20.0. A identificação dos padrões alimentares no grupo estudado foi realizada por análise fatorial por componentes principais (ACP). Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares: saudável, dieta e misto. As variáveis sexo, idade, curso, IMC e excesso de peso apresentaram associação estatística com os padrões encontrados. Ao realizar a associação entre a imagem corporal e a ortorexia nervosa, averiguou-se que 60% dos estudantes com risco, apresentavam insatisfação corporal e que 42,5% dos estudantes com risco apresentaram uma superestima corporal. Conclusão: Não foram encontradas associações entre padrões, imagem corporal e ortorexia nervosa